[2008.07.26] 中俄边界：雄鸡削冠

The Sino-Russian border
中俄边界

The cockerel’s cropped crest
雄鸡削冠

Jul 24th 2008 | BEIJING
From The Economist print edition

Nearly 40 years after fighting flared, a border deal is reached
在炮火相见将近四十年之后，领土争端终于得到解决

AFTER decades of dispute, China and Russia have at last reached agreement on where the entire length of their common border lies. On July 21st the two countries signed an accord on the last small stretch that had yet to be formally settled, putting an end to a quarrel that once came close to war. In both countries, a nationalist fringe will be nettled.

在争论几十年之后，中国和俄罗斯的共同边界终于全线勘定。7月21日，两国就最后一小段尚未正式确定的边界签署一份协议，这曾经使得两国几乎酿成战争的边界争端最终结束。但是在这两个国家，民族主义情绪都将会被激起。

With their “strategic partnership”, a shared resentment of Western dominance and friendly military ties, China and Russia have long put behind them the acrimony that erupted into cross-border skirmishes in 1969. In recent years they have been tidying up the remaining odds and ends along their 4,300km (2,670 mile) frontier. The latest agreement, signed in Beijing by the two countries’ foreign ministers, resolves the niggling matter of a couple of islands at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri rivers near the city of Khabarovsk in Russia’s Far East.

由于有着”战略伙伴”关系，而且对西方国家主导世界都有共同的不满，加上双方的友好军事联系，中俄两国长期以来一直把彼此的仇恨怨气搁置不谈。这些仇恨怨气曾经爆发导致1969年的边界小规模冲突（译者注：珍宝岛事件）。近些年中俄双方开始处理其长达4300公里（2670英里）的边界线上剩余的零碎事情。中俄双方外交部在北京签署的最新协定，解决了两个棘手的岛屿问题。这两个岛屿位于俄罗斯远东城市哈巴罗夫斯克（伯力）附近的阿穆尔河（黑龙江）与乌苏里江交汇处。

The two countries reached an initial accord on this problem in 2004. The deal was that Russia would hand over one of the islands, Tarabarov (Yinlong, as China calls it), and half of Bolshoi Ussuriysky island (Heixiazi or Bear island). The Chinese and Russian parliaments endorsed the plan the following year and work got under way on staking out the new border. Now the Chinese can move in.

两国就此问题在2004年达成最初的协议。协议内容是俄罗斯将塔拉巴罗夫岛（中国称为银龙岛）和半个大乌苏里岛（中国称为黑瞎子岛）交付中国。第二年中俄两国议会都通过了这个协议，新的边界线勘定工作也开始进行。现在中国可以进入这些岛屿了。

The outcome is a compromise. Since the 1960s China had been demanding the islands in their entirety. They had been illegally taken over, they insisted, by the then Soviet Union in 1929. The Russians, who had settled on Bolshoi Ussuriysky, did not want to abandon it. Now, the Chinese have got the all-but uninhabited parts, where, according to rumours in the Chinese media, officials are examining the potential for tourism.

这是个折中的结果。从20世纪60年代开始中国就要求获取这些岛屿的全部。中国坚持这些岛屿是被苏联在1929年非法夺走的。但是已经在黑瞎子岛上定居的俄罗斯人不愿意放弃这个岛屿。现在，中国得到了黑瞎子岛人迹罕至的部分，根据中国媒体的传言，官方正在考察这个地方旅游资源的潜力。

Nationalists in both Russia and China have expressed unease about the arrangement. In Khabarovsk some have complained about giving up what they see as Russian territory. Their counterparts in China, who describe the islands as the missing detail on the crest of the cockerel that China’s map vaguely resembles, naturally want more. But Chinese and Russian officials are delighted. A Chinese scholar quoted by a Beijing newspaper said the experience could be useful for solving some of the country’s other border disputes. The Japanese, Vietnamese and Indians, among others, would concur that these still have a long way to run.

中俄两国的民族主义者都表达了对这个协议的不满。在哈巴罗夫斯克市，有些人抱怨这是放弃他们认为属于俄罗斯的领土。而在中国这边，人们却形容这些岛屿好比中国雄鸡（由于中国地图看起来相似公鸡）的鸡冠失去了一部分，显然他们是想要更多。但是中俄官方都很高兴。一家北京报纸援引一个中国学者的话说，这为解决中国同其它国家的边界争端提供了有用的经验。日本、越南、印度以及其它各国,也会认同:解决国土争端,前路漫漫矣。

译者：rushor    http://www.ecocn.org/forum/viewthread.php?tid=12854&extra=page%3D1