Zimbabwe
津巴布韦
Africa’s shame
非洲之耻
Jul 3rd 2008 | JOHANNESBURG
From The Economist print edition
A Munich moment for the continent’s leaders as President Robert Mugabe is let off the hook, again
罗伯特·穆加贝总统再次摆脱困境，这是非洲国家领导者的灾难。
GATHERING in the Egyptian resort of Sharm el-Sheikh on July 2nd, the leaders of the African Union (AU) had an unprecedented opportunity finally to pull the plug on the disastrous regime of Zimbabwe’s president, Robert Mugabe-or at least cast him into political outer darkness. To fortify themselves they had the world’s condemnation of his farcical re-election on June 27th, which the opposition had to withdraw from due to violence and intimidation, ringing very loudly in their ears. They had the UN Security Council saying ahead of the poll that it could not be free or fair. They had the unprecedented verdict of their own observers, who had said that the result could not “reflect the will of the people”. Even observers from a normally supine regional bloc, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), had said that the election could not be considered “legitimate”.
7月2日，非洲联盟的国家元首和政府首脑们聚集在埃及的旅游胜地沙姆沙伊赫，这本来是一个绝佳的机会，可以终止津巴布韦总统罗伯特·穆加贝领导的灾难性的政权，或者至少把他推向地狱。整个世界都在谴责6月27日举行的那次可笑的改选，因为反对党由于暴力和威胁而不得不放弃选举，但是他们对耳边这些响亮的声音充耳不闻。他们没有理睬选举之前联合国安理会关于选举不会自由公平的声明。他们也没有顾及自己的观察员发表的意见，这些观察员认为，选举结果不能”反映人民的意愿”。甚至连那个一贯消极的区域性集团”南部非洲发展共同体”（SADC)派出的观察员都说，这次选举是”不合法的”。
So what did they do? The least possible. With Mr Mugabe in their midst, the AU leaders did concede that they were “deeply concerned” about the violence. But they responded by merely asking for mediation efforts to continue between Mr Mugabe and the opposition; these are led by South Africa’s president, Thabo Mbeki, and have got nowhere. They also called for a government of national unity, without referring to whether such a government should be led by the man who won the sham runoff vote against no opposition on June 27th, or by Morgan Tsvangirai, the leader of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), who actually won the first round of presidential voting in March. The AU’s response was embraced by Mr Mugabe, which betrays exactly how much notice he is likely to take of any of it. With no penalties on the table for non-compliance, even the gentle suggestions emanating from Sharm el-Sheikh can be happily ignored.
那么他们做了什么？微不足道。因为穆加贝先生是他们中的一员，非盟的领导人们承认他们对暴力事件”深表忧虑”。但是他们的对策仅仅是要求在穆加贝先生和反对党之间继续斡旋。这项工作由南非总统塔博·姆贝基领导，但是迄今毫无进展。他们还呼吁成立一个民族团结政府，但是没有提及这个政府应该由谁来领导，是那个在6月27日举行的没有竞争对手的欺骗性选举中获胜的男人，还是那个实际上在3月份第一轮总统选举中已经获胜的反对党”民主改革运动”（MDC)的领导人摩根·茨万吉拉伊。穆加贝先生对非盟的回应表示欢迎。这清楚的表明他可能接受一些建议。对于他不听话的惩罚并没有被提上日程，即使从沙姆沙伊赫传出了一些温和的意见，也都被愉快的忽略了。
A few of the continent’s leaders did speak up. The vice-president of Botswana declared that the outcome of the election was not legitimate, and that Mr Mugabe and his government should therefore be excluded from AU and SADC meetings until a political solution is found. He was echoing similar words from Raila Odinga, Kenya’s prime minister, whose own victory at the polls was stolen a few months ago. A group of respected African elders, including Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu and Kofi Annan, had asked for the AU to provide “leadership, wisdom and moral courage” by stating that the results of the runoff were illegitimate.
一些非洲领导人清楚的表明了看法。博茨瓦纳副总统声称选举结果不合法，因此穆加贝先生和他的政府应该被排除在非盟和SADC的会议之外，直到达成一个政治解决方案。他的讲话得到了肯尼亚总理拉伊拉·奥廷加的赞同，几个月前，奥廷加的选举胜利果实也曾被偷走。一群倍受尊敬的非洲元老，包括纳尔逊·曼德拉、德斯蒙德·图图和科菲·安南在内，呼吁非盟发挥”领导力、智慧和道义勇气”，宣布选举的结果是非法的。
But these pleadings fell on deaf ears; for the AU leaders it was appeasement as usual. Many leaders on the continent are hardly paragons of democracy themselves, and so would never condemn a fellow despot. One of the first to welcome Mr Mugabe to the AU meeting was Omar Bongo, who has ruled Gabon for decades; he quickly endorsed Mr Mugabe’s election “victory”. Others are still susceptible to the appeal of Mr Mugabe’s anti-colonialist rhetoric. His spokesman will have done their cause no harm by saying that Westerners who condemned the election could “go hang a thousand times”.
但是这些反对意见都石沉大海，非盟领导人一如既往充当老好人。许多非洲领导人本身都不是民主的楷模，所以根本不可能去指责一个暴君同志。首先欢迎穆加贝先生参加非盟会议的是统治加蓬数十年的奥马尔·邦戈；他迅速认可了穆加贝先生的选举”胜利”。其他人仍然受到穆加贝先生反殖民主义言论的影响。他的发言人将会在不伤害双方的情况下表明他们的立场，他说，谴责选举的西方人可以去”见鬼1000次”。
Meanwhile in Zimbabwe itself, months of horrific violence meted out to opposition supporters following the first round of the election have left deep scars on the country. Mr Tsvangirai withdrew from the race a few days before the runoff because of the repression and violence, which he says have left at least 86 people dead, thousands injured and arrested, and 200,000 others displaced. With no opposition, Mr Mugabe won 85% of the vote in the runoff, but many were forced to vote for him.
同时，对于津巴布韦来说，在第一轮选举之后持续数月，针对反对党支持者的恐怖的暴力事件给这个国家留下了深深的伤痕。由于镇压和暴力，茨万吉拉伊先生在距离最后一轮选举还有几天的时候放弃了选举，他说，至少有86个人被杀，数千人受伤和被捕，另外还有20万人流亡。由于没有对手，穆加贝先生在最后一轮选举中赢得了85%的投票，但是许多都是被迫投给他的。
The experience of Malcolm (not his real name), a rural teacher from Mashonaland East, a stronghold of Mr Mugabe’s ruling ZANU-PF, was fairly typical. He was also a polling officer, and explains how he was threatened the day before the runoff; like many other voters, he was forced to pretend he was illiterate on voting day so that he could be “assisted” by the police and ruling-party representatives in the voting booth. He recounts how those turned away because their names were not on the voters’ roll begged for hours to be allowed to dip their fingers into ink, fearing retaliation if they could not display the mark proving they had voted. Although it took over a month for Zimbabwe’s electoral commission to announce the results of the first round, which went against Mr Mugabe, it declared Mr Mugabe the winner of the runoff in less than two days.
东马绍纳兰是穆加贝先生领导的”津巴布韦非洲民族联盟-爱国阵线”（ZANU-PF）的根据地，马尔科姆（化名）是这里的一名乡村教师，他的经历具有代表性。他同时还是一名投票管理员，他讲述了在最后一轮投票的前一天是如何受到威胁的；和其他许多投票者一样，他被迫在投票当天装成一个文盲，这样，他就可以得到投票点的警察好执政党的代理人的”帮助”。他详细的讲述了那些名字不在投票者名册上的人是如何苦苦哀求几个小时，才被允许将手指伸进墨水中，因为如果不能留下已经投票的记号的话，他们害怕受到报复。尽管津巴布韦选举委员会花了一个月才公布第一轮投票的结果，当然这个结果不利于穆加贝先生，但是最后一轮选举结束不到两天它就宣布穆加贝先生获胜了。
The MDC’s position appears muddled. Last week Mr Tsvangirai asked for the AU and SADC to help mediate a political solution based on the results of the first round. But on July 1st, Tendai Biti, the MDC’s secretary-general who has been released on bail after being arrested upon his return to Zimbabwe, said that the runoff “totally and completely exterminated any prospects of a negotiated settlement”, and that no discussions with ZANU-PF were happening. The next day, the opposition rejected the idea of a government of national unity, but said that it remains committed to negotiations towards a transitional government, provided the violence and the persecution of MDC leaders and supporters stop, political prisoners are released, militia bases and torture camps are disbanded, and security forces remain neutral.
MDC的立场显得很混乱。上周茨万吉拉伊先生呼吁非盟和SADC在第一轮选举结果的基础上帮助促成一个政治解决方案。但是在7月1日，特恩戴依·比迪说，最后一轮选举”完全终止了任何一个和解的可能”，和ZANU-PF的谈判不会发生。比迪是MDC的秘书长，他在返回津巴布韦的时候被逮捕，最近在被保释。第二天，反对党驳回了组建民族团结政府的提议，但是它说，只要停止暴力活动和对MDC领导人及其支持者的迫害，释放政治犯，解散民兵组织和刑讯机构，安全部队继续保持中立，那么它仍然致力于协商组建一个过渡政府。
Mr Mugabe, for his part, has said that he is willing to talk to anyone, safe in the knowledge that he now does so from a position of strength and with nothing to fear from the appeasing Mr Mbeki. On July 3rd South Africa, China and Russia were expected to defeat proposed UN sanctions targeted at members of Mr Mugabe’s regime. Pressure on him from other sources might yet make his position more uncomfortable. For example, the German company that has supplied Zimbabwe with most of its banknotes for its hyper-inflated economy announced on July 2nd that it is ending its business with the country. In the grip of both a humanitarian catastrophe and an economic crisis, Zimbabwe is once again in limbo.
对穆加贝先生来说，他声称他愿意和任何人会谈，毫无疑问他现在处在强势地位，对和稀泥的姆贝基先生也无所畏惧。7月3日，南非、中国和俄罗斯应该会阻止针对穆加贝先生政权的联合国制裁。但是来自其它地方的压力也许会让他的宝座更不舒服。例如，为了抑制津巴布韦高通胀的经济而注入巨资的德国公司在7月2日宣布，它要结束在这个国家的商业活动。面临着人道主义灾难和经济危机的双重威胁，津巴布韦的未来又悬了。
译者：zidance http://www.ecocn.org/forum/viewthread.php?tid=12432&extra=page%3D1