[2008.06.07] Soothe, seethe 中国的怀柔政策

Asia.view
亚洲.观点
Soothe, seethe
安抚，隐忍

Jun 4th 2008
From Economist.com
2008年6月4日
《经济学人》网站

China placates foes abroad, nationalists at home
中国对外敌和国内民族主义者实施怀柔政策
AP/美联社

Getting warmer/变暖 

WHEN nationalism rears its head in China, the country’s neighbours tremble. They have been trembling especially hard this year. In the wake of unrest in Tibet in March, a virulently xenophobic mood swept the country. Westerners were the main target, but East Asian governments still fear that China may start throwing its weight around and settling old scores.
当民族主义在中国抬头，其邻国就开始颤抖。今年尤其抖得厉害。随着三月份的西藏骚乱，一种充满敌意的排外情绪横扫了这个国家。西方人是主要目标，但东亚国家仍担心中国开始发威并清算旧账。

The earthquake in Sichuan last month, and the West’s sympathetic response to it, has helped to defuse the tension, but anxieties remain. At a recent conference in Singapore on regional security, organised by the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies, Singapore’s prime minister, Lee Hsien Loong, said that how China and the West handled problems caused by “narrow interest groups” (apparently referring to the pro-Tibet lobby and its ilk), would “strongly influence whether China’s emergence will unsettle the international order, or whether China succeeds in its path of peaceful integration with the rest of the world.”
上个月的四川地震，以及西方对此的同情反应，帮助缓和了紧张情绪，但焦虑依然存在。最近在新加坡举行的由伦敦国际战略研究所组织的一次地区安全会议上，新加坡总理李显龙说：中国和西方国家如何处理由“狭隘利益集团”（显然是指亲西藏的游说团体及其同类）引发的问题，将“严重影响中国的出现是否会破坏国际秩序，或中国能否成功实现其与世界其它部分的和平一体化。”

Mr Lee warned of “unexpected incidents” arising before or during the Beijing Olympics in August. One recent episode which shocked many Chinese, involved Sharon Stone, an American actress, suggested that the Sichuan earthquake could have been a result of bad “karma” in China caused by its crackdown in Tibet.
李先生对八月份北京奥运会之前或期间可能发生的“突发事件”提出警告。最近发生的一个插曲震惊了许多中国人，与萨朗•斯通——一个美国女演员有关，她说四川这次地震可能是中国对西藏镇压所造成的坏“业”的结果。

Chinese cinemas have responded by refusing to show her films and Christian Dior, a French fashion company, has stopped using her in its advertising campaign in China. The French have been especially nervous of public sentiment in China since April, when protests in Paris against the Olympic torch relay triggered demands in China for a boycott of French goods.
中国电影院的反应是拒绝上映她的电影，Christian Dior，一家法国时装公司，已停止使用她在中国做广告宣传。法国人四月份以来对中国的国民情绪尤其紧张，当时在巴黎举行的反对奥运火炬传递的抗议活动引发了中国人对法国商品进行联合抵制的倡议。

The Communist Party, fearful of being accused of selling out Chinese interests, has been reluctant to come down hard on nationalist protesters. But it too is clearly nervous. Police have been keeping a close watch on public displays of patriotism, even those involving nothing more than small groups of young Chinese shouting “Come on, China!” to show their sympathy with the earthquake victims.
共产党，由于担心被指责出卖中国利益，不愿严厉惩罚民族主义抗议者。但是它明显也很紧张。警察一直密切注视着爱国主义的公开展示，甚至对那些仅仅只是喊着“加油，中国！”向地震受害者表示同情的由中国年轻人组成的小群体也是这样。

China does not want the West or its neighbours to get alarmed. It fears that anti-China sentiment abroad could fuel nationalism at home, which in turn could pressure on policymakers to engage in a vicious cycle of tit-for-tat responses.
中国不愿使西方和其邻国惊慌。它担心国外的反中情绪会刺激国内的民族主义，而这种民族主义又反过来给政策制定者们施加压力，使他们陷入“针锋相对、以牙还牙”的恶性循环。

So even as Chinese nationalists have been seething over perceived insults by foreigners, their leaders have been reaching out to traditional rivals. President Hu Jintao flew to Tokyo in May for the first visit by a Chinese head of state in a decade and a far friendlier one than his predecessor’s trip in 1998.
因此尽管中国的民族主义者们感受到来自外国人的羞辱而满腔怒火，他们的领导人还是向过去的对手们伸出了橄榄枝。胡锦涛主席五月份飞到东京，进行十年来中国国家领导人对该国的第一次访问，也是比1998年其前任之行友好得多的一次访问。

China has been offering olive branches to Taiwan’s new president, Ma Ying-jeou. In late May Mr Hu held talks in Beijing with Wu Poh-hsiung, who leads Mr Ma’s party, the Kuomintang. They agreed to resume dialogue between the two sides, which has been suspended for a decade. When Vietnam’s Communist Party chief, Nong Duc Manh, visited, the two sides agreed to set up a hotline between their leaders.
中国也向台湾的新总统马英九提供了橄榄枝。五月下旬胡先生在北京与马先生的党——国民党——主席吴伯熊进行了会晤。他们同意恢复双边对话，而这已经停了十年。当越南共产党主席农德孟来访，双方同意在其领导人之间建立一条热线。

In the earthquake zone, at least some foreign journalists have found the Chinese military—which normally shuns contact with the media—unusually chatty and willing to help. American military planes have been allowed to fly in with relief supplies. China even agreed to allow Japanese military planes to do the same, but quickly decided against the idea after Chinese nationalists (who resent the Japanese more than the Americans) began protesting on the internet. It would have been the first action in China by Japanese military aircraft since the second world war.
在地震区域，至少某些国外记者发现中国军队——他们通常避免与媒体接触——不同寻常地随和健谈，而且乐于助人。美国军队的飞机获准将救援物资运送进去。中国甚至同意让日本军队的飞机做同样的事情，但是中国的民族主义者们（与恨美国人相比，他们更恨日本人）在互联网上抗议之后，该想法立即被否定了。这本可能是二次大战以后日本军用飞机第一次在中国境内执行任务。

Singapore’s Mr Lee said the international community needed to understand “the strength of these gut emotions in Chinese society and in the collective psyche”. Chinese leaders know it all too well and are struggling to contain it.
新加坡的李先生说国际社会需要去理解“中国社会和集体意识中这些本能情感的强度”。中国领导人对此太了解了，且正在努力控制它。

译者：7colorwolf   http://www.ecocn.org/forum/viewthread.php?tid=11972&extra=page%3D1